1. To understand the detailed structures, both in the solution and in the membrane-mimicking environment, of the binary toxin components and their complex.
2. To identify the determinants for binary toxin, guided by the structural results above, during the key steps of the toxicity including membrane interaction, receptor recognition and pore formation.
3. To elucidate the cellular response during the intoxication process such as the intracellular trafficking, apoptosis and the ultrastructural alterations inside the mosquito-larval cells.
