Development of low-cost small scale chemistry experimental kits in conjunction with inquiry-based learning activities to promote high school students conceptual understanding and changes at molecular level
1 To develop and validate three low-cost, portable, and small scale chemistry experimental kits and the effective inquiry-based learning activities to be implemented in conjunction with each of the developed kits to promote high school students conceptual understanding at molecular level.
2 To implement each low-cost small scale chemistry experimental kit in conjunction with the designed learning activities for students in the experimental group and to implement learning activities following IPST chemistry textbooks for students in the active control group
3 To compare learning gains of conceptual understanding in lower- and higher-cognitive skill questions, mental model drawing, and satisfaction towards learning between high school students in the experimental group and in the active control group.
4 To compare conceptual understanding scores, mental model drawing scores, and satisfaction towards learning scores of high school students before and after the intervention within the experimental group and within the active control group.
5 To investigate how high school students in the experimental group and in the active control group change and retain their conceptual understanding and mental models after the intervention.
