1. To synthesize and characterize palladium nanoparticles supported on metal oxide for the selective Ullmann coupling of haloarenes.
2. To test the catalytic activities of the prepared nanocatalysts in the Ullmann coupling of chloroarenes.
3. To run the chemical kinetics of the Ullmann coupling of chlorotoluene in the presence of Pd/La2O3 in order to obtain the rate law and detailed mechanisms.
4. To investigate the mechanistic studies of the Ullmann coupling of chlorotoluene in the presence of Pd/La2O3.
